System of distribution and control.



I B. G. LAMME. SYSTEM OF DIS TRlBUTION AND CONTROL.

7 APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23. 19! 1,Q4.-6,617.

Patented Nov. 13,1917.

S E S S E N H W INVENTQR ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN G. LAMME, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGNOR T WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 13, 191?.

To all whom it may concern:

Be-it known that I, BENJAMIN G. LAMnin,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the countyof Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems of Distribution and Control, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to systems of distribution and control, and it has special reference to so called phase converters which are employed for converting singlephase energy into polyphase energy for the operation of polyphase induction motors.

The object of my'invention is to provide a phase converter of the three'phase type for converting single-phase energy into threephase energy, and to make provisionfor compensating for phase distortion and voltage changes under load conditions. In my co-pending application, Serial No. 808,714, filed December 26, 1913, means is disclosed and claimed for effecting these compensations in connection with a two-phase converter, and it is my purpose to provide means for accomplishing similar results in connection with three-phase converters;

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a system embodying my invention, Fig. 2 is a vector diagram showing the relation of certain of the voltages of the system shown in Fig. 1, and Figs. 3, 4:, 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views of modified systems embodying my invention.

Referringto Fig. 1, a supply circuit conductor 1, such as a trolley conductor, is

adapted to deliver single-phase energy to a primary winding 2 of a transformer 3, having a secondary winding 4 which is adapted to deliver energy to a phase converter and to a dynamo-electric machine 6, which constitutes a driving motor and is governed through the agency of a liquid rheostat 7.

The phase converter 5 comprises a rotor 9 of the squirrel-cage type and a plurality of windings 10, 11 and 12 which are connected -in delta and are disposed at 120 from each other. The driving motor 6 is a three-phase induction motor having its pri-' mary windings 13 connected to the transformer secondary winding 4 and to the junction of the converter windings 11 and 12 by conductors 15, 16 and 17. The driving motor secondary windings 18 are assomated with the liquid rheostat 7 which is merely illustrative of any suitable device for controlling the amount of resistance connected in the motor secondary circuits. The w nding of the converter 5 isthe exciting winding and is connected to the transformer secondary winding 41 by means of switching devices 20 and 21. These devices comprise movable contact members 22 which are adapted to cooperate with sets of sta tionary contact terminals 23 having connections to series of turns at the respective ends of the transformer secondary winding 4.

. Under no-load conditions, the exciting winding 10 of the converter is connected to the points 24 and 25 of the transformer secondary winding 4 to which the conductors 15 and 16 are connected. Under these conditions, V V and V respectively, represent the voltages of the transformer winding 4 and the converter windings 11 and 12, and balanced voltage conditions are established.

When the converter 5 is subjected to load, the point P moves to position P by reason of the phase distortion and the voltage re duction which result. I

In order to compensate for the phase distortion the members 22 of the switching devices 20 and 21 are moved in the same direction to corresponding taps'of the transformer secondary windings. The voltage drop is corrected by moving one of the members 22 further to increase the excitation of the exciting winding 10 of the converter. To accomplish both results, therefore, it is necessary to manipulate both members 22 of the switching devices 20 and 21 in the same direction and to different degrees.

In case the dynamo-electric machine6 is acting as a generator and returning energy to the supply circuit, the compensations for phase distortion and increase of voltage are effected by corresponding adjustments of the members 22 of the switching devices 20 and 21 in the opposite direction.

Referring to Fig. 3, a phase converter 5 is provided with a plurality of three-phase windings '30, 31 and 32 which. are connected in star relation. The windings and 32 constitute the exciting windings of the converter and are connected across the trans former secondary winding 4, the active turns of which may be varied by a switching device 34. In this manner, the excitation of the converter mav be varied to correct drops in voltage due to load, while the phase distortion, under load conditions, is compensated for by an aux 'ary transformer secondary winding 36 \Cnich is connected in circuit with the converter winding 31 and is excited in phase with the main transformer 3. .Thus, an out-of-phase voltage component is impressed upon the circuit of the converter winding 31 which accomplishes the desired result.

In Fig. 4, a phase converter 5 is employed which is provided with a plurality of windings 10, 11 and'12 which are connected in open-delta. The winding 10 constitutes the exciting winding of theconverter and is connected across a portion of the transformer secondary winding 4, and its excitation is varied by a switching device 40 by means of which the active turns of said transformer winding 4 may be adjusted. A portion 42 of the transformer sec ondary winding 4 is connected between the free ends of the converter windings 10, 12 and 11 through the agency of a switching device 43 which is connected to the winding 11 and to one of the motor conductors 44. The amount of out-of-phase correcting voltage may be adjusted to suit load conditions.

Reference may now be had to Fig. 5 in which a delta-connected phase converter 5 is employed, having its exciting winding 10 connected across. the transformer secondary winding 4 and excited thereby. The amount or degree of excitation may be varied by a switching device 46, whereby the voltage of the converter may be adjusted to any desired amount. The phase displacement due to load may be compensated for by an auxiliary transformer secondary winding 47 which is excited in phase with the main transformer 3 and is connected to the motor conductor 48. A switching device 49 permits of adjustment.

In Fig. 6, a phase converter 5 having its windings connected in open-delta relation, has one terminal of the exciting-winding 10 connected to the lower end of the transformer winding 4, while the other terminal is connected to an intermediate point 51 of an auxiliary auto-transformer winding 52 which is adapted to be connected across any desired number of end turns 58 of the transformer secondary winding 4 by a switching device 54.

Under no-load conditions, the auxiliary auto-transformer winding 52 is short-circuited, shown in the figure, but, when the converter is loaded, the switching device 54 is shifted to excite the auto-transformer 52 to the proper degree to concurrently and proportionally ellect increases in voltage and corrections for phase distortion. With this energy into three-phase energy and having arrangement of connections and apparatus, the voltage supplied to the driving motor (not shown) is also increased under load conditions.

\Vith reference to F ig. 7, a three-phase converter 5 has its windings 10. 11 and 12' connected in open-delta relation and its exciting winding 10 in multiple relation to the transformer winding 4. An auxiliary auto-transformer winding 59 is connected across the converter winding 11 and is provided with a plurality of end turns 60 which are associated with a switching de- ,vice 61 by means of which said end turns may be connected across the free ends, or the open connection, of the converter windings 10 and 11. Thus, corrections for phase displacement and voltage drop may be concurrently effected.

While I have shown and described my invention as embodyin more or less specific arrangements of con ections and classes of apparatus, it will beunderstood that other modifications than those set forth may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a source of single-phase energy and a three-phase converter for converting single-phase energy into three-phase energy, of switching means for varying the excitation of said converter and the phase position'of its delivered voltage.

2. The combination with a source of single-phase energy and a threephase dynamoelectric machine for converting single-phase energy into threephase energy, of means for varying the excitation of said dynamo-electric machine and for adjusting the phase position of its delivered voltage.

3. The combination with a source of sin gle-phase energy and a three-phase dynamoelectric machine for converting single-phase windings connected in delta relation, one of said windings being excited from said source of energy, of means for varyin the excitation of said winding and for changing the phase position of the delivered voltage.

4. The combination with a source of single-phase energy, and a three-phase dynamoelectric machine adapted to convert single phase energy into three-phase energy, of switching devices for connecting one of the phase windings of said machine across said source of energy and for adjusting said connections to effect compensations for voltage reduction and phase distortion under load conditions.

5. The combination with a single-phase transformer Winding, a three-phase converter for converting singlephase energy into three-phase energy, and three-phase loadcircuit onductors respectively connected to 130 one of the terminals of said converter and t0 the ends of said transformer Winding, of switching devices for adjustably connecting the other terminals of said converter to the respective ends of said transformer winding in proximity to the load-circuit connections.

6. The combination with a source of single-phase energy and a three-phase dynamoelectric machine for converting single-phase energy into three-phase energy and having windings connected in delta relation, of a plurality of switching devices associated with the respective ends of one of said windings for adjustably connecting said winding BENJ. G. LAMME.

Witnesses:

F. T. HAGUE, B. B. Hmns. 

